Track races are usually bicycle competitions held using track bicycles on specially constructed downhill tracks or velodromes (although many races take place on older velodromes where the track curves are relatively shallow).

Track racing emerged around 1870. In the early stages of bicycle racing, wooden enclosed tracks were constructed, resembling modern velodromes with two straight lanes and slightly banked curves. One of the main purposes of holding indoor track races was to allow spectators to easily watch the event. As a result, entrance fees were charged, which made track racing a profitable sport. The first track races were able to attract approximately 2,000 people. Indoor track racing also made it possible to hold bicycle races throughout the entire year. In Britain, the first major centers designated for track racing were in Birmingham, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester (the national cycling sport center), and London. Significant changes over the course of track racing included bicycles being made lighter and more aerodynamic so that they could cover greater distances more quickly. Except for the 1912 Olympic Games, track cycling has been represented in every modern Olympic Games. Track races featuring women were first included in the 1988 modern Olympic Games.

Track bicycle races are held on velotracks and velodromes. These races take place individually or in groups. In track racing, time plays a crucial role. The main objective for the athlete is to reach the finish line as quickly as possible. These races primarily require strength and technique.