Track races are bicycle races usually held using track bicycles on specially constructed banked tracks or in velodromes (although many races are held in older velodromes where the banking of the track curves is relatively shallow).

Track racing dates back to approximately 1870. In the early stages of bicycle racing, indoor tracks made of wood were built consisting of two straight sections and lightly banked turns, reminiscent of modern velodromes. One of the main purposes of holding indoor track races was to make it easy for spectators to watch. As a result, admission fees were charged, which made track racing a profitable sport. The first track races could attract around 2,000 people. Indoor track races also made it possible for the first time to hold bicycle races throughout the entire year. In Britain, the first major centers designed for holding track races were in the cities of Birmingham, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester (the national cycling sport center), and London. Among the most noticeable major changes during the period when track races were held is the fact that bicycles were made lighter and more aerodynamic so that they could cover distances more quickly. With the exception of the 1912 Olympic Games, track cycling has been represented in every modern Olympic Games. Women's track races were first included in the modern Olympic Games in 1988.

Track bicycle races are organized on cycle tracks and velodromes. These races are held individually and in groups. Time plays an important role in track races. The main requirement for the athlete is to reach the finish as quickly as possible. Here, primarily strength and technique are required.